Obstetric and Gynecological Imaging

A case report of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy. A diagnostic dilemma.

Christos Bartsokas — 2024-04-24

Ovarian ectopic pregnancy (OEP) is a rare entity. It accounts for 3% of all ectopic pregnancies. We present a case of a nulliparous 27-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with lower abdominal pain. Clinical examination, laboratory values and imaging suggested ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis of ruptured ovarian ectopic pregnancy was established during exploratory laparotomy, which was confirmed by the histopathological examination.

Fetal Ovarian Cyst: A case report

Mechmet Impis Oglou — 2024-04-24

Introduction: Fetal ovarian cysts are common intra-abdominal cystic masses diagnosed prenatally in female fetuses. The etiology of these cysts is still unknown but an increase in fetal gonadotropin levels is thought to be a possible mechanism.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman who was diagnosed with a possible fetal ovarian cyst during the routine growth scan at 36⁺³ weeks of gestation. The scan revealed a unilocular, anechoic mass without a solid component, in the lower abdomen of a female fetus, measuring 60x50x44mm.

Conclusion: Careful evaluation of the fetal abdomen from the second trimester ultrasound and in every routine growth scan is essential for the timely and accurate diagnosis of abdominal cysts. Ultrasound is the gold standard imaging technique during the antenatal period. The prenatal detection of ovarian cysts allows close monitoring of the evolution of the cyst and proper postnatal management of possible complications.

Ventricular and Great Artery Disproportion during routine Fetal Heart Imaging Evaluation and Management

ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΓΕΡΜΑΝΑΚΗΣ — 2024-04-24

Size discrepancy (disproportion) between left and right cardiac chambers (atria, ventricles) and /or great arteries is easily identified during routine mid-gestational ultrasound screening (basic fetal heart imaging), representing a referral indication for detailed fetal echocardiogram to rule out the presence of fetal congenital heart disease. In the present review the appropriate imaging technique to avoid foreshortening of ventricular chambers during basic fetal heart imaging, non-cardiac causes of heart chamber disproportion as well as common congenital heart defects associated with chamber and artery disproportion during routine ultrasound fetal imaging are presented

Antithrombotic therapy during in vitro fertilization (ivf )

Politou Marianna — 2024-04-24

The use of antithrombotic agents during IVF is widely considered for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic complications, but also for their possible beneficial effects on pregnancy outcome. Women who develop OHSS are recommended to receive LMWH for at least 3 months. An assessement of thrombotic risk should be offered to all women undergoing IVF Heparin emerges as a promising agent in IVF, not only for its antithrombotic effects but also for its cytoprotective effect on trophoblast implantation and growth through the increase of HB-EGF secretion, the reduction of TNF-a-induced apoptosis of endometrial cells and the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity (MMP-2) Further RCTs are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic agents in IVF, to identify patient groups that may benefit more from its administration as well as to establish guidelines for the timing, duration, and dose of LMWH.

Fetal kidneys: normal sonographic appearance and red flags

Nikolaos Antonakopoulos — 2024-04-24

This is a pictorial assay